Cotton Mills Come Up


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Cotton Mills Come Up

Cotton mills come up:

The first cotton mill in India was set up as a spinning mill in Bombay in 1854. From the early nineteenth century, Bombay had grown as an important port for the export of raw cotton from India to England and china. It was close to the vast black soil tract of western India where cotton was grown. When the cotton textile mills came up they could get supplies of raw material with ease.

Workers in a cotton factory, circa 1900,.

By 1900, over 84 mills started operating in Bombay. Many of these were established by Parsi and Guajarati businessmen. Firstly, cotton mills were such as Ahmedabad and Kanpur, in 1861 and 1862, respectively.

Growth of cotton  mills created a demand for labour in all these cities. thousands of poor peasants, artisians and agricultural labourers moved to the cities to work in the mills.

In the first few decades of its existence, the textile factory industry in India faced many problems.

  • It found it difficult to compete with the cheap textiles imported from Britain.
  • In most countries, government supported industrialization by imposing heavy duties on imports.
  • This eliminated competition and protected infant industries. The colonial government in India usually refused such protection to local industries.
  • The first major spurt in the development of cotton factory production in India, therefore, was during the First World War when textile imports from Britain declined and Indian factories were called upon to produce cloth for military supplies.
  • By the beginning of the 19th century , the englishmen became successfulo in making cotton textiles and they ousted Indian goods from their traditional markets in Africa , America, Europe.
  • Thousands of weavers in India were now thrown out of employment.
  • Bengak weavers were the worst hit. English and European companies stopped buying Indian goods and their agents no longer gave advances to weavers to secure supplies. distressed weavers wrote petitions to the government to help them.
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